3.5 Great Scientists
1.
What
would you like to learn about in your Science period?
Answer - I would like to learn about galaxy and stars, and want to
explore the
the world beyond the earth.
Or
I would like to learn about the robotics
and artificial intelligence.
2.
Have
you ever tried to do an experiment on your own?
If yes, tell me
about it
If no, tell me
why you’ve never tried.
Answer – Yes, I have tried an experiment of photosynthesis. And I
try many
simple
experiments under the guidance of my teachers.
3.
What
would you like to learn about in your English classes?
Answer
- I would like to learn poems on different topics, life stories of great
people.
And in grammar, I would love to
learn variety sentence constructions.
(a)
Think of as many examples of the following as you can within five minutes
and
write them in the appropriate column.
Type of machine
|
Examples
|
Simple machines that are
operated by hand
|
Hand pump, scissors,
knife, sharpener, tools used for gardening,
|
Machines that run on
electricity
|
Iron, mixer
grinder, washing machine, air conditioner, electric bulb etc
|
Electronic devices
|
Mobile,
Computer, Tab, Television,
|
(b) Write as many uses of the following as you
can. Form groups of four.
Compare your lists. Make a long list by
putting together the lists of all members.
(a)
A cloth bag – a
cloth bag can be used to bring the grocery, some rough material and most
importantly to avoid plastic pollution
(b)
a wicker basket - to keep and
carry flowers, can be used as a picnic basket,
for keeping fruits and
vegetables, to give something (gifts)
to our loved ones, towel holder and it can be
used for so many
things as a holder.
c) a glass bottle or jar –
bottles are used to keep liquids
like water, juices or some medicines some soft
cold drinks whereas jars are
used in the kitchen to
keep some pickles or spices in it.
(d)
a steel bowl –
it is used to keep cooked vegetables, to
fry and boil many food items.
(e)
a thick string or rope –
it is used to tie something and can be
used to pull and support many things.
Questions:
1.
What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?
Ø Faraday was born into a very poor family. He suffered
from a
speech defect as a child. He could
not complete his formal education.
At thirteen he started working as a
bookbinder.
2.
Why do you think Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s
programme?
Ø Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s
program
because he knew Faradays love
towards science and scientific things.
3.
What was the subject of Davy’s lecture?
Ø Davy’s lecture was about chemicals and electrical
lighting and there
was a conversation among the
scientists of that age.
4.
What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?
Ø Faraday was spellbound by Davy’s lecture. He took
notes about the ‘mysterious force of electric fluid’. He was so engrossed in the
lecture that he forgot to applaud. His notes were, so comprehensive that he
bound them into a book, meaning to gift it to Davy someday. Faraday decided to
be a great scientist. Davy became his role model.
Faraday thought it would be wonderful
if Davy became his mentor,
but Davy did not agree. Faraday was
not dejected; he just kept
trying.
5. Why did Davy choose Faraday as his secretary?
Ø Davy’s was temporarily blinded because of a chemical
explosion inside the lab. He needed an assistant to help him. He was reminded of
Faraday and decided to hire him as his secretary.
6. Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday?
Ø No, Davy was not fair in his treatment
of Faraday. Davy never
believed Faraday could do anything in the field of science going by his social
status and education. He, therefore, dismissed Faraday’s aspirations and advised
him to stick to bookbinding
7.
How
did Faraday respond to that treatment?
Ø Faraday
worked day and night and learnt as much as he could about Davy’s experiments.
Soon Faraday became indispensable to Davy and was promoted to his lab
assistant. This was his first step towards a scientific career.
8. What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?
Ø When an electric current is applied to a
wire it passes through
it. And it makes the devices like fan, light
or other electronic
devices to run on
that current.
9.
An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine.
What
examples of its use are given here?
Ø Fans, air conditioning, sewing machines,
photographs, power
tools, cars and even trains and
aeroplane engines
Give
one example each to show that
Faraday was a good pupil.
Ø Though Faraday had no social status,
little education and without money, he had the passion and love towards science and
its fantasies. Though he was rejected by Humphry Davey he was not disappointed.
He didn’t give up. Even when as lab assistance he swept the lab for the love
of science, and learnt many things on his own. He invented the induction motor,
which was a difficult task for Davy.
When Davy gave him an impossible task of The bavarian glass he honestly worked over it. He learnt from his failures and
always strived for progress.
Davy was not a good mentor –
Ø Davy didn’t think Faraday will do
anything in the field of science because of his status and education. When
Faraday became his assistance. He didn’t guide him.
The induction motor spurred a
revolution, which was born out of mockery directed
at Faraday by Davy. Davy always
remained jealous towards Faraday. He gave
Faraday some impossible task.
Ø Write the idea behind an electrical generator.
CANNOT GIVE THIS ANSWER DUE TO COPYWRIGHT ISSUE
Ø Why were Faraday’s drawings not
accepted? Does it mean they were wrong?
Faraday wanted to prove that
sprinkling iron filings on a sheet
of paper near a magnet, making
circular patterns were not a property
of the iron filings. This is
where his lack of formal education
went against him.
Faraday did not know much about
advanced mathematics, so he just copied
the iron filing
patterns with his hand. He was unable
to explain them in the
form of mathematical equations. He made
hundreds of such
drawings but without equations, they
were not accepted.
ENGLISH WORKSHOP
1. Write what is
implied in the following sentences.
(a)
But
few know his inspirational life story, which is
all about
courage and fighting against the odds.
(What does it
tell you about Faraday’s life?)
Answer - The whole world knows about the success story of Faraday.
But a very few know the struggle behind it. From his childhood he
had
difficulties and problems but he did not give up. He could not
complete his
education, he was very
poor, he worked as a bookbinder, he was talented
person in science but did
not get a chance to have a good mentor, and when he
got one he didn’t accept
him as his student. He envied him. But Faraday
didn’t mind it, he went on learning things which were very helpful
to him in future.
(b)
Even
then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday.
(What do the
words ‘even then’ suggest?)
Davy never believed Faraday could do anything in the field of
science. Because he had no education, no social status and no money. Faraday
did many of Davy’s experiments and became indispensable to Davy but still, he
got the work of sweeping and cleaning only. The words ‘even though’ suggest that though Faraday learnt many things he
was not accepted as a learner of science by Davy.
(c)
People
started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself.
(What does it
suggest about Davy’s work?)
Answer - Davy was very
famous because of his work in the field of science. He invented many things and
gave many theories to the world of science. But the invention of the induction
motor and its inventor Faraday gave many useful things to the world. People
thought that Faraday was the best discovery of Davy because he gave many things
to the world.
2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each
section.
We can give some
titles to the sections as
·
Faraday’s childhood
·
Faraday as a bookbinder
·
A turning point - Davy’s
lecture
·
Induction motor
·
Davy’s jealousy
·
Faraday as a complete scientist
3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the
passage. Find more information about at least 3 of them, using the internet.
Gadgets and instruments mentioned in the
passage are –
·
light bulb,
·
induction motor
·
Fans,
·
air
conditioning,
·
sewing machines,
·
photographs,
·
power tools,
·
cars,
·
trains and
aeroplane engines
