Summary Writing

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Summary

1. Read Carefully

Read the passage thoroughly to understand its main ideas and structure. Pay attention to the purpose of the text and any recurring themes.

2. Identify Key Points

Identify the main points or arguments in the text. Focus on the central ideas rather than specific examples, details, or anecdotes.

3. Take Notes on Main Ideas

Write down each main idea briefly. Avoid copying sentences directly from the text; instead, rephrase them in your own words to better understand them.

4. Organize Your Notes

Arrange your notes in the same order as they appear in the original text. This will help maintain the flow of ideas and make your summary easier to follow.

5. Create a Title for the Summary

Think of a title that captures the overall theme or main idea of the text. This title should be clear and concise, offering readers an immediate understanding of the subject.

6. Use Your Own Words

Write the summary using your own words, while keeping it concise. Aim for a summary that’s about one-third of the original text’s length or shorter. Avoid overly complex language to keep it accessible.

7. Focus on the Author’s Main Points

Only include the most critical points and ideas. Skip examples, minor details, or personal interpretations unless they’re essential to understanding the main argument.

8. Avoid Opinions and Personal Comments

A summary should be objective. Avoid adding your own opinions, interpretations, or personal comments.

9. Write a Clear, Brief Summary

Start with a sentence that introduces the author, title, and purpose of the text (if relevant). Then, include the main points in a logical order, making sure to stay concise.

10. Revise and Edit

After writing, revise the summary for clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Check if you’ve accurately conveyed the main ideas without unnecessary repetition or added details.

11. Proofread

Finally, proofread for any grammar, punctuation, or spelling mistakes to ensure your summary is polished and easy to read.

Example with Title:

Original Paragraph: 

"Social media has dramatically changed the way people communicate. It allows individuals to share their lives, opinions, and experiences in real time with a global audience. Despite the positive aspects, such as staying connected with friends and family, there are also downsides, including privacy concerns and the potential for addiction."

Summery

 "Impact of Social Media on Communication"

                     "Social media has transformed communication by enabling people to share their lives instantly with a global audience, though it raises privacy concerns and risks of addiction."

This example includes a title that reflects the main idea of the text, as well as a concise summary capturing the key points.

Using "unless". If....Not / unless

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Basic Rule

"Unless" is used to show a condition, just like "if .....not."

It introduces a condition under which something will not happen or will change.

Simple Explanation

1. "Unless" means "if... not" and sets a negative condition.

2. The sentence following "unless" shows the condition that prevents or changes the main idea.

Examples to show the difference

1. "Unless it rains, we’ll go to the park."

Equivalent to: "If it does not rain, we’ll go to the park."

Meaning: We will only go to the park if it doesn’t rain.

2. "I won’t go unless you come with me."

Equivalent to: "I won’t go if you do not come with me."

Meaning: I will only go if you come with me.

Practice Exercise

Exercise: Rewrite the Sentences Using "Unless"

1. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll have a picnic.

Answer: We’ll have a picnic unless it rains.

2. If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the test.

Answer: You won’t pass the test unless you study hard.

3. If everyone doesn’t help, the project won’t be completed on time.

Answer: The project won’t be completed on time unless everyone helps.

4. If the room isn’t dark, I can’t sleep well.

Answer: I can’t sleep well unless the room is dark.

5. If the weather doesn’t improve, we won’t leave for the trip.

Answer: We won’t leave for the trip unless the weather improves.

6. If you don’t feel healthy enough, you shouldn’t exercise.

Answer: You shouldn’t exercise unless you feel healthy enough.

7. If you don’t plug it in, your computer won’t work.

Answer: Your computer won’t work unless you plug it in.

8. If he doesn’t apologize sincerely, I won’t forgive him.

Answer: I won’t forgive him unless he apologizes sincerely.

9. If you don’t believe in yourself, you can’t succeed.

Answer: You can’t succeed unless you believe in yourself.

10. If you don’t have a steady income, the bank won’t give you a loan.

Answer: The bank won’t give you a loan unless you have a steady income.

By practicing this way, you can get comfortable with the idea that "unless" is like saying "if not."

Nouns: Definition and Types

 Nouns are a fundamental part of language and grammar. They serve as the building blocks for sentences, representing people, places, things, ideas, and concepts. Here’s an in-depth look at nouns and their functions, which could be useful for your blog:

1. Definition and Role of Nouns

A noun is a word that names something, whether it be a person, place, thing, or idea. They are essential to the structure of sentences, typically serving as the subject (who or what the sentence is about) or the object (what receives the action).

2. Types of Nouns

a. Common Nouns

These are general names for people, places, or things. They are not capitalized unless they start a sentence. Examples: *dog, city, teacher, book*.

b. Proper Nouns

These are specific names of people, places, or organizations and are always capitalized. Examples: *John, New York, Google*.

c. Concrete Nouns

Concrete nouns are things that can be experienced through the five senses. If you can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste something, it's a concrete noun. Examples: *apple, car, music, perfume*.

d. Abstract Nouns

These nouns represent ideas, qualities, or concepts that cannot be detected by the five senses. Examples: *love, freedom, happiness, intelligence*.

e. Countable Nouns

Countable nouns refer to things that can be counted. They have both singular and plural forms. Examples: *cat/cats, book/books*.

f. Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable (or mass) nouns refer to things that cannot be easily counted because they are seen as a whole or mass. They usually do not have a plural form. Examples: *water, sugar, advice*.

g. Collective Nouns

Collective nouns refer to a group or collection of things or people as a singular unit. Examples: *team, family, audience*.

3. Functions of Nouns in Sentences

a. Subject

The noun or pronoun that performs the action in a sentence.

- Example: *The cat* sleeps on the bed.

b. Object

The noun that receives the action of a verb.

- Example: She reads *a book*.

c. Object of Preposition

The noun that follows a preposition to form a prepositional phrase.

- Example: He sat on *the chair*.

d. Re

These nouns show ownership and usually end in **-’s** for singular nouns or just an apostrophe (') for plural nouns ending in **s**.

- Example: *Sarah’s car* is new. The *dogs’ toys* were scattered.

### 4. **Noun Formation Using Suffixes**

Suffixes are added to other parts of speech (like verbs or adjectives) to form nouns:

- **-ment** (achievement, enjoyment)

- **-tion/-sion** (celebration, decision)

- **-ness** (happiness, darkness)

- **-ity** (creativity, flexibility)

- **-er/-or** (teacher, doctor)

### 5. **Noun Gender**

Some nouns in English show gender, especially those related to people or animals.

- **Masculine:** man, boy, actor, lion

- **Feminine:** woman, girl, actress, lioness

- **Neutral:** chair, book, student (used for both male and female)

### 6. **Pluralization of Nouns**

Most nouns form their plural by adding **-s** or **-es**, but there are irregular plurals:

- Regular: book → books, box → boxes

- Irregular: child → children, mouse → mice, man → men

### 7. **Possessive Nouns**

These show ownership or a relationship to something else. They are formed by adding **’s** or just an apostrophe (for plural nouns).

- Example: *The cat’s toy* or *The students’ classroom*.

### 8. **Nouns in Apposition**

When two nouns are used together to refer to the same thing, the second noun is in apposition to the first.

- Example: *My brother, a doctor, lives in New York*.

### 9. **Noun Phrases**

A noun phrase consists of a noun and its modifiers (articles, adjectives, or prepositional phrases) and acts as a single unit in a sentence.

- Example: *The tall man in the blue shirt* is my friend.

### 10. **Noun Case**

In English, nouns can be in different cases, indicating their function in a sentence:

- **Subjective case**: The noun is the subject. (e.g., *John* runs fast.)

- **Objective case**: The noun is the object. (e.g., She saw *John*.)

- **Possessive case**: Shows ownership. (e.g., *John’s* car.)

### Conclusion

Nouns form the backbone of sentences, serving various roles that convey people, objects, concepts, and more. Understanding how to use different types of nouns effectively is key to mastering language and writing with clarity.

This structure should give your blog post a comprehensive and informative view of nouns.

English Proverbs

 

''Proverbs are more than just words; they encapsulate the collective experiences, values, and insights of humanity passed down through generations. Join us as we explore the profound meanings behind these succinct nuggets of wisdom and uncover the universal truths they hold. Let's delve into the essence of life's lessons, one proverb at a time."

1. Actions speak louder than words.

2. A stitch in time saves nine.

3.  Better late than never.

4. Birds of a feather flock together.

5. Don't count your chickens before they hatch.

6. Don't cry over spilled milk.

7. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.

8. Every cloud has a silver lining

9.  Fortune favours the bold.

10. Haste makes waste.

11. Honesty is the best policy.

12 . If the shoe fits, wear it.

13.  Ignorance is bliss.

14. It's never too late to learn.

15. Keep your friends close and your enemies closer.

16. Laughter is the best medicine.

17. Look before you leap.

18. Make hay while the sun shines.

19. Necessity is the mother of invention.

20. No pain, no gain.

21. Out of sight, out of mind.

22. Practice makes perfect.

23. Rome wasn't built in a day.

24. The early bird catches the worm.

25 . The grass is always greener on the other side.

26. The pen is mightier than the sword.

27. There's no smoke without fire.

28. Two heads are better than one.

29. Where there's a will, there's a way.

30. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink.

31. You reap what you sow.

32. A penny saved is a penny earned.

34. Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder.

35. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Here's a brief explanation of each proverb:

1. 
   

• Actions speak louder than words: This proverb emphasizes that what people do carries more weight than what they say. It suggests that actions reveal true intentions and character more effectively than mere promises or words.

• A stitch in time saves nine: This proverb advises that it's better to address problems or challenges promptly rather than letting them escalate. By taking timely action, one can prevent more significant issues or efforts later.

• Better late than never: This saying suggests that it's preferable to complete a task or arrive late rather than not at all. While punctuality is important, completing something after the expected time is still better than abandoning it altogether.

• Birds of a feather flock together: This proverb implies that people with similar interests, characteristics, or backgrounds tend to associate with one another. It highlights the natural tendency of individuals to gravitate towards those who are similar to them.

• Don't count your chickens before they hatch: This cautionary proverb advises against presuming success or benefits before they are realized. It warns against premature celebration or reliance on uncertain outcomes.

• Don't cry over spilled milk: This saying encourages individuals to accept and move on from past mistakes or losses rather than dwelling on them. It advocates for resilience and focusing on finding solutions rather than lamenting what cannot be changed.

• Don't put all your eggs in one basket: This proverb advises against concentrating all resources, efforts, or investments into a single venture or opportunity. Diversification reduces the risk of losing everything if one endeavor fails.

• Every cloud has a silver lining: This optimistic proverb suggests that even in difficult or challenging situations, there is often a positive aspect or outcome to be found. It encourages maintaining hope and optimism during tough times.

• Fortune favors the bold: This saying implies that those who are courageous and willing to take risks are more likely to achieve success or good fortune. It encourages proactive behavior and bold decision-making.

• Haste makes waste: This proverb warns against rushing through tasks without proper care or consideration, as it often leads to errors, inefficiency, or the need to redo work. It emphasizes the importance of patience and thoroughness in achieving quality results.

.

Letter Writing - Informal Letter

Q. Write an informal letter to your friend inviting her on your birthday party.

Sayali Sharma,

21, Sai Bhavan,

M.G.Road,

Kolhapur.

29th Sept,2023

 Dear Shweta,

I hope this letter finds you well. I'm excited to share some great news with you – my birthday is just around the corner, and we are having a party! I can't imagine celebrating without my best friend by my side, so I would love to invite you to join in the fun.

The party is scheduled for 5th October at my house, starting at 7.00 in the evening. We have some exciting activities, games, and, of course, delicious food and cake planned. It's going to be a blast, and I really hope you can make it.

Please let me know if you can attend. Your presence would mean the world to me, but I understand if you have other plans. Either way, I hope we can celebrate together and make some unforgettable memories.

Looking forward to seeing you and having a fantastic time!

Take care and see you soon.

Your friend, Sayali.

Verbal to Non-verbal : Dos and Don'ts

 Q.  You see the board on the wall at a railway station containing the rules. Make a list of instructions in the form of Dos and Don'ts.

1)  The Tourist should stand in a queue when the conductor books your tickets 

2) You are not allowed to throw any garbage anywhere else except the dustbin

3) You should not spit anywhere.

 4) You must take care of your luggage, money, and ornaments 

5) You must be aware of pickpockets.

6) You are prohibited to travel without a ticket. 

7) Toilet should be used properly.

 8) You should not waste drinking water.

Answer :

Dos	Don'ts
Stand in queue when the Ticket Conductor books your tickets.	Do not throw garbage anywhere else except in the dustbin.
Use the dustbin for disposing of garbage.	Do not spit anywhere.
Take care of your luggage, money, and ornaments.	Do not travel without a ticket.
Be aware of pickpockets.
Use the toilet facilities properly.
Conserve drinking water; do not waste it.

 

Molai's Kathoni My English book Six Standard 6th English

Molai's Kathoni

Click here to see Questions and answers on YoutubeMolai's Kathoni 

1. Underline the words you find difficult in the story :

(a) Try to guess their meaning from the context.

(b) List 10 of the words you find difficult. Look them up in a dictionary. Present the

meanings in the classroom.

(c) Form groups of 5-8. Compare the lists of difficult words and their meanings. 

List the words whose meanings are not clear to the group and ask for your teacher’s help. 

2. Find answers to the following questions from the passage :

1) What terrible sight did young Molai see? (paragraph 2)

 - Molai saw thousands of snakes lay dead on one of the sandbars. They had been washed ashore with the flood. With no trees to protect them, they had all died in the scaling sun. Molai was horrified by this sight.

-(2) What did many of the Forest Department people and village elders advise? (paragraph 4)

-Many of the Forest Department people and village elders advised Molai not to waste time because nothing grows on sandbars.

(3) What trees did Molai plant at the beginning? (paragraph 4)

- In the beginning, Molai planted bamboo plants.

(4) Apart from the saplings, what else did Molai carry to the island? (paragraph 5 and 6)

- Apart from saplings Molai carried fertile soil, red ants, and different type of grasses.

(5) What other things came to the island with the trees? (paragraph 8)

- With trees came birds, insects, and animals. Unknowingly, they brought many more seeds to the place. The place began to get rich with different forms of life.

(6) How much area does Molai Kathoni cover today? (paragraph 9)

- Today Molai's Kathoni covers an area of 1500 acres.

(7) What do the elephant visits show? (paragraph 9)

- The elephant visits show that the whole forest is in very good health.

(8) What hardships did Molai suffer on the island? (paragraph 10)

- Apart from the hardships Molai had to suffer on the island - working there in heavy rains and scorching heat - he had to face opposition from the people, too. He never thought of ‘stealing’ from his forest, but others did. He had to guard his island against poachers.

(9) What did the elephants destroy? (paragraph 11)

- Elephants destroyed the rice fields and huts - even Molai’s own hut was destroyed.

(10) What does Molai keep for his own living? (paragraph 12)

- Molai keeps cattle for his own living.

(11) What is Molai’s message to the world? (paragraph 14)

-Molai's message to the world is - each one of us should plant and grow at least two trees. 

Q Now, number the paragraphs in the passage.

Against each of the questions above, write the number of the paragraph  in which you found the answer.

and/or 

Against each paragraph, write the number/s of the questions based on it.

3. Write short notes on the following.

1. The Brahmaputra

- The Brahmaputra is a great river. In places, it is more than 7-8 kilometers wide. It has many sandbars and even an island known as Majuli island. Waters of the Brahmaputra often flood Majuli and the sandbars. At times, the river even sweeps away some of the sandbars.

2.  Molai's Kathoni -

'Molai's forest' means 'Molai Kathoni'. This forest has grown on the sandbars of Brahmaputra. He did it single-handedly. Today Molai's Kathoni covers an area of 1500 acres. It shelters thousands of birds and animals like deer and tigers, even a group of hundred elephants visit the forest every year.

3. Elephants come to Molai's Kathoni -

 A herd of about a hundred elephants has started visiting the forest every year. They stay there for about three months. The elephant visits show that the whole forest is in very good health. Molai is a happy man today. 

4. The world comes to know about Molai 's Kathoni

One day, a photographer roaming in that area found Molai working in his forest and guarding it. When he came to know that Molai had grown the forest single-handedly, he was greatly impressed. He told the media - newspapers, TV channels, etc - about Molai’s single-handed achievement. The Forest Department was impressed, too. They decided to help Molai in his work. The Government honoured him with the Padma Shri award. 

4. Copy the quotations from Jadav Payeng (Molai) in good handwriting and display them in your classroom.

Without trees, we will all suffer and die.

I will go on planting trees till there is life in my body.

Man knows how to cut a tree - not how to plant it, grow it.

5. Prepare posters on ‘Plant at least two trees each !’

6. Find the names and locations of at least 10 different trees in your surroundings.

Write one or two lines about each of them.

- There are different types of trees found in our area. Some of them are -

Mango tree - The mango tree is found in our area. It is a very useful tree as it gives sweet fruit called mango. The mango is the king of all fruits. The wood and the leaves are very useful in our life.

Neem tree - The neem tree is a medicinal plant. Nearly every part of this tree is used in making medicines in Ayurveda. 

7. Imagine the following situations and write simple speeches or dialogues with the help

of the passage. (Any 2.)

(a) Molai talks to himself after he sees the dead snakes.

- 'How terrible this site this is!' Alas, this is the worst day in my life to see these innocent snakes die in this scaling sun. Who is responsible for all this, humans and no one else. they cut the trees for their benefit and all creatures are punished like this. today I take the oath to make all these sandbars to make green with trees, this will be the mission of my life. 

(b) Molai talks to the forest department people about his wish.

Molai - Good morning everyone. Good morning sir.

Department Officer -Good morning, Molai. We heard that you are going to plant trees on the sandbars. 

Molai - You heard it right. 

Department Officer - Molai will be the waste of time only. you know that nothing grows on the sandbars.

Molai - Sir, I know that. But still, I believe that I will get some trees that will take root in this infertile soil. and I will give my best to grow trees in this barren land.

Department Officer - Molai you are very brave to start such a difficult task. All the best for your work. If you want any help do come to us we are always ready to help you.

(c) Molai talks to his village elders about his wish.

(d) Molai’s friends advise him about growing plants on the island.

(e) The villagers quarrel with Molai about the elephants.

(f) Molai’s family tells him they support him.

(g) Molai talks to the trees and plants in the forest.

(h) The photographer tells the media (reporters) about Molai.

.

The Story of Tea, Warming up! and Chit-Chat, class 9th

 

1.4 The Story of Tea

Warming up!
Chit-Chat

Can you make tea?

Yes, I can make tea. /No, I can’t make tea.

How do you make tea?

We make tea by mixing tea powder in boiled water with sugar; sometimes we mix milk in it. 

 What brand do you like?

We use local brands of mixed tea powder.

 

At home, who makes tea/coffee for everybody?

My mother makes tea for everybody.

 

Have you seen a tea plantation? What was it like?

Yes, I have seen tea-plantation at Amba Mountains in Kolhapur district.

It was like, green cover laid on the slope of the mountains.

 

Write the names of as many beverages as you can within

two minutes. What do the following beverages remind

you of? Draw word webs to show your associations.

 

Tea – cup, biscuits, saucer, toasts, mother, freshness, tea-stall

Coffee – mug, guests, cafeteria, friends, canteen,

Lime juice – glass, summer, sweet, quizzing, cold drink house,

Lassi – cold, thick, sour and sweet,

Coconut water – beach, tender coconut,

Milk – cream, babies, morning, milkman, cow, tea, coffee

 

 

MARGIN QUESTIONS –

 

1. How is tea the beverage made?

A refreshing, astringent flavoured tea is made by brewing,

that is by infusing in boiling water.

 

2. How is the tea that is packed and sold to us made?

The leaves of tea are at first dried, cured, and processed before

they are packed and sold to us.

 

 

3.  Where are tea estates located?

Many of the world’s best tea estates are located on hill slopes at elevations of up to 1500 meters, it is said that the tea plants grow slowly and acquire a richer flavour at this height.

                 

4. Why are tea plants pruned?

The tea plants are pruned and kept at a height of about three feet (waist high) to enable easy plucking of the leaves.

 

5. What are botanical names? How are they decided?

- The botanical name is a scientific name (scientific Latin name) of a plant that is accepted worldwide. This name is decided by its similar characteristic. And this scientific Latin name never changes, though its names are different in different regions.

 

 

 

6. What does tea contain?  What does it not contain?

- Tea contains theanine and caffeine.

 It does not contain carbohydrates, fat, or proteins.

 

7. Who was Emperor Shennong?

- Emperor Shennong was the father of Chinese

agriculture and medicine,

 

 

8. Why did he carry out further investigations about tea?

- The Emperor was excited by the unknown plant and its

amazing flavour, so he carried out further investigations.

 

 

9.  How did tea reach other parts of the world?

 

-   A Buddhist monk named Bodhidharma used tea leaves

to stay awake for a longer time in prayers and meditation.

He introduced tea among his disciples.

Japanese priests studying under Buddhist teachers in

China carried tea seeds and leaves back home with

them. Turkish traders also began to bargain for tea

on the border of Mongolia. That is how tea reached

the other parts of the world.

 

10. What is the difference between legends or stories and history?

- The legends or stories may be true or may not be true. But the history is the record of past events collected systematically through a scientific method and considering all facts. But we cannot deny the importance of the legends or stories which are part of our tradition. We cannot say legends are totally false.

 

11. Can you guess the origin of the Marathi word ‘chaha’?

- The pronunciation of ‘chaha’ comes from the Persian word ‘cha’ was first used by the north Indians. Then it came into the Marathi language.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12. The paragraph about how tea came to India brings out the difference between

history based on oral sources and ‘recorded history.

Discuss how the author brings it out.

 

- Historians think that tea had been known in India

as a medicinal plant since ancient times,

but tea was not drunk for pleasure until the British

started plantations. This is the oral source of Indian history that tells tea was there in India since the ancient times. They made several

unsuccessful attempts to grow tea, with seeds from China. But failed,

the botanist Robert Bruce in 1823 discovered tea plants

growing wild in the Brahmaputra valley. After a few years,

the first Indian tea from Assam was sent to England for public

sale. Since then India has gone on to become one of

the leading producers of tea in the world.

 

13.  What is the difference between ‘claim’ and ‘fact’?

- To say that something is true or valid without any proof is a claim.

   And something that is true or reality is the fact. 

14. Do you have any ceremonies associated with food items?

- We have many festivals and ceremonies but they are not directly related to food items. On many occasions in Indian festivals, many delicacies are prepared. Puran Poli, Modak, Laddus and many other sweets are prepared on these occasions. 

 15. What are the good qualities of tea?

- Some people say that tea is a healthy, enjoyable, and stimulating drink full of good qualities. It reduces loneliness and calms your heart; it is a comfort in everyday life. 

16 Why are the cups only half-filled in Chinese tea ceremonies?

- At tea ceremonies, cups are only half-filled as the

Chinese believe that the rest of the cup must be

filled with friendship and affection.

 

 

The Fun They Had , English Workshop, Part II

                                         

 English Workshop 

The Fun They Had 

 

      1. Use the proper punctuation mark.

        (a) Where did you find it

         -  “Where did you find it?”

        (b) What’s it about

         - “What’s it about?”

 

        (c) They had a teacher

        -   “They had a teacher.”

 

        (d) How could a man be a teacher

         -  “How could a man be a teacher?”

 

        (e) Sure, if they were the same age

         - “Sure, if they were the same age.”

2. The following sentences have an unusual meaning in the context of the story.

Write what these sentences would mean today, and what they mean in the context

of the story.

     A)  She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether.

Today, this means

      - A teacher should be dismissed from his post forever, as some students dislike some teachers for their academic or personal reasons. 

       In the context of the story,

     - Margie doesn’t like the school and the mechanical teacher so she thinks that her mechanical teacher should be removed forever from the school, as she doesn't like school and homework.

 

b)  They had taken Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month.

Today, this means-

      -  Any teacher who is on the leave or holidays for a month because of his personal or health reasons.

       In the context of the story,

      - Tommy's mechanical teacher had got some serious technical problems so it took nearly a month to get repaired and come back. 

            

       (c) It wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.

       Today, this means-

      - Today this is a meaningless sentence. (today only humans can teach)

        In the context of the story,

      - Margie and Tommy have mechanical teachers, that is their regular teacher. They can't think           the human as a teacher.

      (d) How could a man be a teacher?

     Today, this means-

    - Today this is a meaningless question. 

     In the context of the story,

   - Margie thinks that a man could not be a teacher, as the machines are very intelligent and human cannot compete with them

(e) A teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches

    Today, this means-

    -     Each child has a different way of learning and all cannot learn in the same way. so the teacher has to make adjustments to teach them according to their mindset.

       In the context of the story,

      - Margie is surprised to hear that all students go to school and the teacher teaches them the same thing to all. then she reminds of her mother's words that how a teacher should be adjusted with the age of each child.  

3. Write words related to the following words. (At least ten words each.)

Add caption

4. Discuss: How would you like to learn -
from a human teacher or a mechanical teacher?
Present your arguments in the form of a chart.

 

Human teacher		Mechanical teacher
Advantages	Disadvantages	Advantages	Disadvantages
Can understand situations and behave accordingly	No disadvantage	Have same pattern in teaching	Cannot understand the situation and students mind
Can give motivation, which is a important for human learning	In larger number it may be difficult to motivate all students.	Can give exact knowledge in the exact time	Cannot motivate humans
Can give demonstration	Cannot take the participation of all students.	makes predictions based on a set of examples	Machine learning is difficult to comprehend (understand)
Can arrange discussions and guide them	Shy and reserved students may not take part in a discussion	Can give tasks to students	Cannot supervise activities
Can inculcate values naturally	No disadvantage	Can teach values artificially	Values are not taught
Can do something original	No disadvantage		Cannot do original
can teach with speed of average of or slow learners	It maybe slow for clever students	Can be very fast and accurate learning	All students cannot learn with that speed

 

5. Rewrite the following using complete words instead of contracted forms.

(a) ...when you’re through. 

    - ..when you are through.

(b) ...and it’s good for plenty more.

   - ...and it is good for plenty more.

(c) I wouldn’t throw it away.

   - I would not throw it away.

(d) She hadn’t seen as many telebooks.

   - She had not seen as many telebooks.

(e) “What’s it about?”

     -“What is it about?”

(f) I’ve slowed it up.

  - I have slowed it up.

(g) I don’t know.

   - I do not know.

(h)  It wasn’t a regular teacher

-    It was not a regular teacher